Car Culture in Log Angeles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Vehicle Culture in Log Angeles - Research Paper Example It has the longest ocean port and its economy is predominantly powered by global exchange and diversion. Aside from that, it is extremely evolved in numerous different fields, for example, aviation, medication, fund, broadcast communications and so on. Additionally, Los Angeles is perhaps the biggest city in the United States. It is spread over an immense territory and the geography is very uneven. These elements are reason enough to comprehend why vehicle culture is very prevailing here. With individuals confronting minimal monetary or budgetary issues, most of the populace can stand to claim a vehicle, thus, open vehicle is constrained. It is an incredible test for an outsider to alter in the city of Los Angeles. An outsider is probably going to get overpowered by its tremendous spread, interests, lights and attractions. Hence, outsiders must be managed incredible affectability. American occupants are so balanced in their lives that they give little consideration to outsiders who c atch to alter in the colossal and vivacious city. The Pedestrian is a short story by Ray Badbury in which he depicts how individuals change after they begin living in the city of LosAngeles. It is a modern portrayal about a man named Mr. Mead who was another outsider in the city of Los Angeles and was very little inclined to the city culture. He adored investigating things around evening time. He didn't care to upset any one and would unobtrusively set out in the avenues for strolling and appreciating the virus breeze. Be that as it may, this piece speaks to great mockery on how the world has changed today. Individuals who appreciate the excellence of nature are infrequently valued, rather they are viewed as insane people or psychotics, much the same as Mr. Mead was viewed as intellectually sick. The story likewise proposes great mockery on the regularly diminishing estimation of books, magazines and diaries. Individuals today seldom discover delight in getting physical books and un derstanding them. Or maybe, they resort to perusing the e-variant from the web. The libraries have out of nowhere gotten so obsolete and nobody needs to visit them. On the off chance that we continue proceeding with a similar pattern, there will come a period in 2052 when we will arrive at a phase where we can impeccably identify with the story anticipated by The Pedestrian. People today depend more upon the amusement they find on the web. They download books from their iPhones through iTunes and read them, as it is a lot more advantageous. Subsequently, an individual who is estranged from innovation in the realm of today will be treated as a more bizarre, much the same as Mr. Mead has been treated in The Pedestrian. Additionally, these days, individuals think of it as anomalous to stroll down the boulevards during night. Individuals everywhere have become so uncertain that they’d get terrified on the off chance that they see a man strolling down their boulevards just haphaza rdly. Everybody has a canine which barks at even a slight development. This is a direct result of an each developing crime percentage which is because of wide divergence between various fragments of the populace. With the development in innovation, family units and globalization, individuals have moved further away from the excellence of nature. This story additionally presents a fascinating wonder, known as â€Å"Culture shock†. Individuals, when they relocate to remote grounds, think that its difficult to settle in. There are numerous issues that they face because of their movement. Calculated and lingual issues are only two of them. They experience sentiments of dread, disquiet, uneasiness, fomentation and disappointment because of being embedded in a totally new setting and a

The internship assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The entry level position task - Essay Example The entry level position task The clients need their arranged items on schedule and along these lines, merchants need to accomplish a specific degrees of collaboration and coordination among different offices so as to accomplish the ideal results of a particular venture. The activity that was performed during the entry level position was tied in with adjusting by the cutoff times. I figured out how to play out the activity very well as I had the option to advance collaboration and cooperative energies among the whole workforce. It was altogether trying for me to consolidate different individuals from a few offices so as to fabricate cross-utilitarian groups. The group formative procedure was ended and stuck in excess of a couple of events. The challenges were confronted in light of the fact that there was a nearness of specific abhorrence and reluctance towards the idea of working intently among specialized and administrative staff. Both of the gatherings clutched the point that the other gathering doesn't have i mportant data expected to appreciate the issues. Be that as it may, I with the assistance top administration supported a learning situation in the general association and subsequently, played a noteworthy and significant job in the consummation of deferred ventures. My activity as an organizer in a product advancement organization helped me to get significant information about the worldwide business of programming improvement and deals. The business has spread in all pieces of the world and because of this explanation I have gotten an extraordinary opportunity to connect and speak with individuals from different societies and countries. As a salesperson, I have additionally seen a couple of checked contrasts in the conduct of individuals from immature and propelled countries separately. The clients having a place from in the past referenced gathering of countries set a premium on cost viability of data innovation arrangements. The purchasers from last kind of nations center around quality and they are least worried about the sticker price of the item. The customer base of the organization where I worked is socially and provincially scattered. I have discovered Americans with exceptionally proficient disposition and they were incredibly indulgent as far as giving expansion in cutoff times. The Chinese and Russians then again, were exceptionally forceful in dealing with delays. To put it plainly, I have come to perceive that the number of inhabitants in created countries is undeniably increasingly neighborly and humble. In any case, the clients from less created countries are irritating and they drove me insane on more than one cases. However I kept quiet and formed while taking care of their complaints. All the more explicitly, I have discovered that the way of life is the product of human brain (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2010) and accordingly, individuals utilize their social and monetary encounters for deciding. The monetary states of the less evolved world have been constantly debasing. The previously mentioned pattern has constrained organizations in less created world to redistribute innovation to increasingly created ones. In any case, the organizations from less created world are profoundly touchy towards costs and in t his manner, they generally scan for the financially savvy mechanical arrangements. I have additionally discovered that those organizations with poor PC and mechanical proficiency can't utilize the answers for the full degree. By and by, I will propose escalated innovative preparing to all organizations that are hoping to get most recent foundation. In my view, best in class innovation is pointless until the staff realizes how to utilize it. On account of significant number of the organizations, innovation brings about less

Essay Topic - The Graveyard Book Essay Topic

Essay Topic - The Graveyard Book Essay TopicWhat is the best essay topic to go for when writing the 'The Graveyard Book' essay? It can be a topic of any type but some of the most popular and accepted are: the importance of family, how to attract a loving boyfriend or girlfriend, who is worthy of love, how to express one's feelings, how to go about life without regrets, why you should make your own choices and finally, if you don't know, do you have what it takes to win the heart of your love interest? One more topic to take into consideration is whether you can write from the perspective of a good friend, lover or classmate. These are all topics that get noticed and one of the easiest to get noticed by your professor.Other essay topics include those that relate to 'The Graveyard Book.' The most popular topic is death. You have many choices to choose from here and since most of the essays dealing with the subject have a certain theme or idea, you can choose a topic that is related to the themes that you want to put in the essay. You can choose a topic that deals with death because the author knew how to present his subjects. You can also choose a topic that includes people who have died in your family.You can write about how you have experienced a loss in your family. You can put in a description of how your mother died in a plane crash, your grandmother died, someone else in your family has died, etc. You can also take the same subject matter and write an essay that talks about the importance of family. This is a good way to teach your friends and other people about the importance of families.Do you know someone who is a member of the military? You can use this topic to talk about how important the military is in today's society. You can ask your roommate or your best friend how he feels about his military service and how it has impacted his life. Using this topic can really help your topic to stand out and also can make you seem less like a stiff or an airhead .Another popular topic to use is the author's personal experience. Write about your experiences with your best friend, your parents, your girlfriend, your cousin or your fellow classmate. Show off how this person is like you can learn a lot from the experience of someone who knows how it feels to be you. A person who uses this essay topic is seen as someone who has gone through something similar and thus makes them a good match for the reader.Another topic you can choose from is how you made the decision to accept your fate and live a happy life. You can put in a description of how you feel about your family, your house, your car, etc. You can also explain how you knew that one day you would die and you will live forever. This is a topic that can help you convey a sense of pride in your accomplishments.You can come up with topics that you can use when writing the 'The Graveyard Book' essay topic. But when you are choosing a topic, think about how you want to come across in writing y our essay. Choose the topic that best fits your personality and your writing style and show how you stand up to your academics.

Essay on Cathedral by Raymond Carver - 1290 Words

The story of Cathedral, by Raymond Carver, shows that you do not have to see someone or something in order to appreciate them for who or what they are. It is about a husband, the narrator, and his wife who live in a house. The wife, whose name they do not mention, has a very close friend who is blind. His name is Robert. Roberts wife dies, and comes to their house to spend a couple of days with the narrator and his wife. The narrator, whose name they do not mention as well, is always on edge because he does not really know Robert very well and he does not like blind people, but he is being friendly for his wifes sake. The story comes to an end when Robert and the narrator draw a cathedral together using the narrators hand and helped by†¦show more content†¦He only sees people for what they are on the outside, but is blind to appreciating the true beauty of a persons inner self. You begin to understand this better when the narrator goes to say prayers, and this baffles the wi fe. The narrator says, Now let us pray, I said, and the blind man lowered his head. My wife looked at me, her mouth agape. Pray the phone wont ring and the food doesnt get cold, I said. Now normally prayers are said to show appreciation to all that God has blessed you with. The narrator prays in a cold type of way, because he cannot believe in a God if he does not appreciate the beauty of ones inner self. #8232;#8232; The second thing that makes the theme or message come out is the characterization in the story. In Cathedral, there are three main characters. The most important character in the story is Robert, the blind friend of the wifes. Unlike the narrator, Robert cannot physically see, but has a clear vision of appreciating the persons true inner self. For example, when the narrator cannot comprehend how Roberts wife even loved Robert. He says,#8232;It was beyond my understanding. Hearing this, I felt sorry for the blind man for a little bit. And then I found myself thinking what a pitiful life this woman must have led. Imagine a woman who could never see herself as she was seen in the eyes of her loved one. A woman who could go on day after day and never receive the smallest complimentShow MoreRelated`` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver992 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Cathedral† is a short story that was written by Raymond Carver in 1981. Raymond Carver is most well known for his short s tories and is even an writer credited with reviving the then dying form of literature. A part of a collection of short stories, â€Å"Cathedral† was the last to be published and was included in 1982’s Best American Short Stories. â€Å"Cathedral is different from the other works of Carver due to the humanistic realism that is given to his characters, which had not been seen before in hisRead MoreCathedral (by Raymond Carver)1131 Words   |  5 PagesCathedral: A Lesson for the Ages Raymond Carver s short story, Cathedral, portrays a story in which many in today s society can relate. We are introduced from the first sentence of the story to a man that seems to be perturbed and agitated. As readers, we are initially unsure to the reasoning s behind the man s discomfort. The man, who seems to be a direct portrayal of Raymond Carver himself, shows his ignorance by stereotyping a blind man by the name of Robert, who has come to stay withRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Cathedral† Born on May 25, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, Raymond Carver was destined to be a writer. He was a son of a sawmill worker and grew up working hard majority of his life. He married year after he finished high school and had two children with his wife at the time. He raised and supported his children with normal working class jobs such as delivering, janitorial and gas station services. Carver discovered his interest in writing after taking a creative writing course in collegeRead More`` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver1027 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst, I thought she was ridiculous, and I laughed at her. But later, I realized that she was suffering a hard disease and that was the reason she had lost her hair. I felt bad myself because at the end I was the ridiculous. In the story, â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver the narrator was thinking wrongly about Robert because Robert was a blind man. The narrator was accustomed to what we usually watch on TV about blind people. He thought that Robert was one of those who walked slowly accompanied by a dogRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver978 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, a man named Robert is coming to spend the night at the narrator’s house. Robert is a friend of the narrator’s wife who happens to be blind, which doesn’t sit well with the narrator. Robert and his wife have a ten year relationship which started with her working for him. Since then they’ve stayed in contact by sending audiotapes to each other. When Robert reaches the house, the narrator is a bit uncomfortable. The first reason being because the man is blind, andRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1202 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Cathedral† written by Raymond Carver is a short story that unfolds as a first-person narrative of the main character named Bub. The story beautifully depicts the process of an individual who transforms from a person with lack of knowledge a nd ignorant towards knowledgeable soul, due to an encounter with his wife’s blind friend Robert, to an individual that is enlightened. The cathedral, in this story, is a mere subject brought up at the end of this story which becomes the object of his enlightenmentRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthat with self-awareness, a person â€Å"comes to know what [their] destiny is, who [their] wife or husband will be, what [their] mission in life will be† (Maslow 440). In the cases of those who aren’t aware of their self, like the narrator of â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, they lack all behaviors of self-actualization as well as the experience of transcendence that follows suit. In order to open the door to their selves, a â€Å"metacounselor† guides them through their mind or activities that would embrace individualityRead MoreThe Cathedral by Raymond Carver1281 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cathedral by Raymond Carver is an exemplar of a literature with the use of realism in which a realistic, non-ideal, ordinary life of an individual is depicted to represent a wider meaning in life or the society. The anecdote is narrated through the narrators point-of-view about a blind man, Robert, who is a friend of his wife. A theme is presented using a foil, Robert, or a character whose traits are ideal and contrast with the protagonists to highlight some qualities in the central characterRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1758 Words   |  8 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s â€Å"The Cathedral†, the unnamed husband narrators the tale of his wife’s old blind friend Robert coming to visit after not seeing each other for years. They had remained in contact through audiotapes, but the husband seems to not understand the significance of their relationship, showing distaste with the visit for the majority of the story, due to his uncomfortableness. In this story, the writer displays his t ale and its morals; by using the narration of the husband; Carver showsRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1280 Words   |  6 Pages Raymond Carver’s short story â€Å"The Cathedral† is one that was published with a collection of other books in 1983. This particular short story is one that presents multiple views, including real life ethical and stereotypical situations correlating with the specific time this story was published in. Through these ideas and also the symbols created through the characters one receives a vital message. This message that the author is trying to convey is to look further past what one may see at your

The Confusion Between Illusion and Reality in Death of a...

The line between reality and illusion is often blurred in Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman. Whether it is incorporated in the content or the actual structure, this struggle between recognizing reality from illusion turns into a strong theme; it eventually leads to the downfall of Willy and his family. Willy is incapable of recognizing who he is, and cannot realize that he, as well as his sons, is not capable of being successful in the business world. Happy and Biff both go through some battle between reality and illusion that cause a collapse in some part of their lives. The line between Willy’s flashbacks and current time also send him into turmoil when he cannot distinguish between the two. Willy believes that he is much more†¦show more content†¦The theme, confusion between reality and illusion leads to a downfall, applies here because in a way suicide is the ultimate downfall. Charley, a voice of reason, counter argues that â€Å"nobody’s w orth nothin’ dead† (98). Charley is consistently in reality and is one of the most successful people in the play. So, the fact that Charley recognizes reality in the harshest and brightest light is what kept him from experiencing a downfall in his life. If the Willy was not confused about the reality of his life, there may not have been such a great fall when his life amounted to less than he expected, and when Biff’s life did not turn out to be what he had hoped. Apart from Willy’s delusion of his own success, he also sees his sons as great successes in the business world, and that they will amount to so much in their lives. These boys cannot be successful because they have been â€Å"[blown] so full of hot air [they] could never stand taking orders from anybody† (131). Willy’s illusions about his sons not only ruined Willy’s life, but it caused these boys to have a false sense of reality, which is the theme. This false sense of reali ty leads to their downfall in the business world because Willy had built them up so high that they believed they should be the one giving the orders, not taking them. When Willy tells his boys â€Å"together [you] could absolutely lick the civilized world† (64), this is an example of the way Willy falsely sees his boys and fills theirShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman: Illusion In An American Tragedy Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the realities of life become too harsh, humankind has a natural tendency to choose the most convenient solution to his problem: illusion. They build dreams and fantasies to conceal the more difficult truths of their lives. In his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller portrays the hold of such illusions on individuals and its horrible consequences. Through the overly average, overly typical Loman family, Miller shows how dreams of a better life become, as Choudhuri put it, â€Å"fantasies to theRead More Illusion Versus Reality in Death of a Salesman Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesIllusion Versus Reality in Death of a Salesman  Ã‚   A major theme and source of conflict throughout Millers play, Death of a Salesman, is the Loman familys inability to distinguish between reality and illusion.   This is particularly evident in the father, Willy Loman.   Willy has created a fantasy world for himself and his family.   In this world, he and his sons are men of greatness that have what it takes to make it in the business environment.   In reality, none of them can achieve greatnessRead More The Requiem Scene in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesThe Requiem Scene in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman The death of Willy Loman was remembered by few.   He was mourned not because of his tragic death but because of his despairing life.   The Requiem scene in Death of a Salesman describes the ill-attended funeral of Willy, the tragic hero who struggled to fulfill his vision of the American Dream.   This scene brings closure to the play because the audience realizes that only in death is Willy able to accept the failure and false success thatRead More Elusive American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Elusive American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath The American dream of success through hard work and of unlimited opportunity in a vast country actually started before America was officially America, before the colonists broke away from England and established an independent country. That dream has endured and flourished for hundreds of years; as a result, American writers naturally turn to it for subject matter, theme, and structure. In examining itsRead More Dangers Behavior Exposed in Death of a Salesman Essay example1341 Words   |  6 PagesDangers Behavior Exposed in Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Everyone has personal problems that they must face. In the play, Death of a Salesman, the author, Arthur Miller, explores the ways in which some people deal with these problems. Miller reveals Willy Lowman’s tendency to ignore problems as long as possible.   Willy never really does anything to help his situation; he just uses flashbacks to escape into the past.  Ã‚   Through his flashbacks he returns to happier times when problems were scarceRead More The Self Destruction Of Willy Loman - Death Of A Salesman Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pages In Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, Willy Loman’s life seems to be slowly deteriorating. It is clear that Willy’s predicament is of his own doing, and that his own foolish pride and ignorance lead to his downfall. Willy’s self-destruction involved the uniting of several aspects of his life and his lack of grasping reality in each, consisting of, his relationship with his wife, his relationship and manner in which he brought up his children, Biff and Happy, and lastly his inability to productivelyRead MoreThe Self Destruction of Willy Loman - Death of a Salesman1051 Words   |  5 PagesIn Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, Willy Lomans life seems to be slowly deteriorating. It is clear that Willys predicament is of his own doing, and that his own foolish pride and ignorance lead to his downfall. Willys self-destruction involved the uniting of several aspects of his life and his lack of grasping reality in each, consisting of, his relationship with hi s wife, his relationship and manner in which he brought up his children, Biff and Happy, and lastly his inability to productivelyRead MoreSeeing Inside Willys Head in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman934 Words   |  4 PagesSeeing Inside Willys Head in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller chose to write, in the contemporary tragedy Death of A Salesman, about the story of an ordinary man driven by his own interpretation of the American dream. What characterizes this play is the way he does this : Miller breaks the boundaries of classical conventions of playwriting by allowing the audience to enter, visually as well as emotionally, Willys mind in order to permit a better comprehensionRead MoreDeath of a Salesman Summary + American Dream5929 Words   |  24 PagesAct 1, Scene 1 Miller begins his play with a bedtime dialogue between Willy and his wife, Linda.   Willy, an aging salesman, has just  returned  late from a business  trip.   Linda is very concerned, asking her husband if he had a  car accident.   Willy tiredly explains that indeed he did have a close call with his  car, veering off the road on two  occasionswhile enjoying the scenery.   Though at first Linda thinks that its a problem with the vehicle, eventually she attributes Willys driving problems toRead MorePostmodernism in White Noise by Don Delillo and Rabbit, Run by John Updike2560 Words   |  11 PagesThesis statement: The constant change in the world, as evidenced by consumerism in the books Rabbit, Run by John Updike and White Noise by Don DeLillo, gives a false sense of security to the protagonists of the two books thereby blurring the reality they are in and destroying them in the end. *** Don deLillo’s White Noise: Postmodern elements Most postmodern books have been published after World War II. First published in 1984, White Noise by Don deLillo explores the emergence of technology

Medical Situation Case Study Leg Ulcer Injury Dressing Injury

Question: Discuss about the Description of the Medical Situation Case Study Leg Ulcer Injury Dressing Injury. Answer: Description of the medical situation The case study involves a patient who is receiving home visit by a registered nurse for leg ulcer injury dressing injury, in every 4 days for a period of 5 weeks. Upon arrival at the hospital and diagnosed, he is found with acute pneumonia acquired through the community set up. After 10 days, the patient was discharged from hospital to home care, test assessments reveal that the medication earlier on administered needed to be reduced to 2 mg dose, Nifedine 10 mg TID, Coumadin 2 mg, Deoxycylcine 100 mg for 6 days administration with Nitrospray drug used for dressing the ulcerative leg in weekly basis. The dressing was advised to be resumed after with weekly bath. Meanwhile the registered nurse was to resume the diagnosis and visits at the home facility. As the client was being discharged, his neighbour picked him from the hospital. She took the new prescription given in the hospital, so the neighbour agreed to get the drugs for the client and some few groceries in the market and drop them at the hospital. The pharmacist at the chemist gave the neighbour the new information sheet with the new drug administration, which later the neighbour provided them to the client. As the neighbour dropped the drugs to the client for consumption, it was the time at which the client was supposed to take medication. The client was so exhausted, so he decided to take the medication however as he was trying to reach for his glasses to read the prescription. However, he was so tired and could not find the glasses and noted the new pills and took the drugs as was prescribed in the hospital. The client had taken wrong medication; the prescription given by the chemist was not conforming to the drug prescription of the hospital. The new drug had exerted anti coagulant effect in the body. The client was overpowered by the drug and felt so weak and unable to make any movements. The patient slept in bed till later on when the ambulance was called in after visit by the nurse. However already medical error had been committed and the patient had to be rushed for emergency care in the hospital. The neighbour was traumatised on his part that he had procured harmful drugs for the client. This tormented him so much. Short term and long term impacts of medical errors It is often said that to err is human, medical errors are common phenomenon and have been found to have dilapidating impacts on the medical practitioners who fall into third victims, (White Gallagher, 2011). In America research has shown that many people die as a result of medical errors which range from the auto mobiles accidents and statistics have shown that they are about 98,000 deaths per year. Most medical errors often go unreported, (Harolds et al., 2015). Due to this under reporting little has been established as to determine these cases. Self perceived medical errors have been found to be common among the health practitioners. As a result of this medical errors, second victims often feel feelings of guilt, much disappointment, a lot of fear and feeling of inadequacy which often have varying lengths levels, (Hobgood et al., 2005). The impact of these medical errors on the second victims has been a key area often needing attention. Second victims who are in the medical practice who take responsibility for the mistake have been shown to be more likely to report these mistakes often and make constructive adjustments. Long term impacts have included the reduction of emotional state of the medical practitioners well being, the quality of life, professional practice and conduct. The second victims often feel more guilt, upset depression and being scared. Others often have reported that it affects job satisfaction, ability to sleep, depressions and sacredness. Second victims have been found to have difficulty in adapting to coping strategies to manage the case. Response of senior management on medical errors incidences When tackling this issue, the role of senior health staff professionals should be supportive in nature and offer non judgemental approach to the second victims when medical errors occur. Among the health care organization there has been no specific roadmap for tackling medical errors. In the teaching fraternity there is no proper teaching on medical errors handling. At the current state of affairs the senior management staffs needs to ensure that there are proper reporting system of medical errors among the patients in the health care homes, (White et al., 2011). The health care management staffs need to facilitate proper health care professionals support and proper counselling services to the second victims. Some of the organizations often provide some type of employee staff support after the incidence occurrences. There is need to improve on the systems so as to minimise on medical errors. The management staffs need to provide safe environment which dont promote the occurrence of the medical errors. Second victims need formal support frameworks which gives them an opportunity to avoid the pervasive nature of the medical harm which is caused by the incident. There is need for removal of barriers which often are the blocking blocks of the effective support systems on the patients, (Scott et al., 2009). Creation of strategies which focus on the on the second victims have often risen. Providing them with educational skills of coping strategies is effective in solving the issue. Providing them with emotional support is effective in solving the issues they are facing and overcoming these challenges, (Bell, Moorman Delbanco, 2010). Impacts of medical errors on organization culture Organizational culture has been found to be closely associated to the health care staff. Safety culture window often represents the staff understanding of the hazards of often encountered in the health care work place, (Singla, Kitch, Weissman, Campbell, 2006). Patient safety has been an important avenue in the health care work place and has been shown to have impact on the general staff in the organization. Medical errors have an effect on team work performance. In organizations it has been stated that humans are systems which rely on err free performance which are doomed to fail. The need for patient safety has been observed to provide non punitive open disclosure by the individual staffs on the individual staff accountability and ensures team performance. Relational co-ordination has been linked to medical errors on teamwork co-ordination. It affects on timely and accurate information reporting and response, effects on mutual respect, common goals, shared knowledge view and respect of the staff. Future medical errors leads to reduce levels of team level management as it leads to barriers in team building and coordination among staff and workers in the health set ups. Organizational systems in managing medical errors Management of medical errors should be linked to proper organizational management process. Safety paradigm process should be ensured that they play key role in managing the staff levels. There is need for fully functional systems of care in which are interdependent on specialized functional systems. There is need for addressing system change in organizational management strategies in health care. Systems changes can be linked to the occurrence of addressing supplies shortage and proper equipment process which are geared towards minimising medical errors, (Cunningham et al., 2007). The need to incorporate information technology in health care practice is a component of system change is effective in error reduction and minimising harm among the clients. There is need for incorporating computerized physicians order entry systems and clinical support systems which are aimed at addressing the information technology issues which aid in reduction of errors, (Btaes, et al., 1998). Health care organizations support in adverse effects Effective support from the health care organizations need to be based on the premise of reliable and effective management policy which is aimed at reducing the chances of recurrences and avoiding medical errors. Enhancing solid intervention like building of new hospital information systems and reviewing the process often involved in removing hazardous effects of drugs. The handling of medical errors is strongly linked to the choice often take by the organizations to disclose these errors. The manner in which the information is passed and disclosed to the family members plays critical role in managing medical practitioners actions, (Zimlichman Bate, 2012). The approach adopted in managing the errors is often made in such a way that it is professional. Evaluation of the errors committed in health care is essential in managing errors and its consequences. Health care organizations need to be honest and incorporate participative and accountable models of handling manner among the staff often regarded as second victims, (Scott et al., 2009). Enhancing effective communication and collaboration and ensuring adequate administrative support for clinical safety is essential in supporting staff. Organizational psychological support is essential in managing the staff to handle and mange post effects of medical errors. The second victims have crucial role in managing the occurrence of medical errors, there is need for assisting the organizations in refashioning health care systems on minimizing of errors that are recipe for harm. There is need to be cognisant and acknowledge on the need to better handle ways of handling harm when they occur, (HHs, 2010). Conclusion Hence with this view, there is need for more organizational support in enabling the staff to manage medical errors which have negative harmful effects on the life and general working conditions. Having a well established community which offer effective social support is essential in managing medical errors when they occur. Thus building conducive environment which provide support between the staff and the organization is crucial to facilitate medical error management process. References Bates DW, Cohen M, Leape LL, et al. Reducing the frequency of errors in medicine using information technology. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2001;8:299308. Bell SK, Moorman DW, Delbanco T. Improving the patient, family, and clinician experience after harmful events: the when things go wrong curriculum. Acad Med. 2010; 85: 1010?1017 Cunningham TR, Austin J. Using feedback, goal setting, and task clarification to increase the use of the hands free technique by hospital operating room staff. J Appl Behav Anal. 2007;40:673677. Harolds JA. Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part III:To Err is Human. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40(10):793795. HHS Office of Inspector General. Adverse events in hospitals: national incidence among medicare beneficiaries. November 2010. OEI-06-09-00090 https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-09-00090.pdf. Hobgood C, Hevia A, Tamayo-Sarver JH, Weiner B, Riviello R. The influence of the causes and contexts of medical errors on emergency medicine residents responses to their errors:an exploration. Acad Med. 2005;80(8):758764. Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, Cox KR, et al. The natural history of recovery for the health care provider "second victim" after adverse patient events. Qual Saf Health Care 2009;18:325-30. Singla, A. K., Kitch, B. T., Weissman, J. S., Campbell, E. G. (2006). Assessing patient safety culture: A review and synthesis of the measurement tools.Journal of Patient Safety, 2, 105115. doi:10.1097/01.jps.0000235388.39149.5a White AA, Bell SK, Krauss MJ, Garbutt J, Dunagan WC, Fraser VJ, et al. How trainees would disclose medical errors:educational implications for training programmes. Med Educ. 2011;45(4):372380. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03875 Zimlichman, E., Bates, D. W. (2012). National patient safety initiatives: Moving beyond what is necessary. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research,1(20). Retrieved from https://www. ijhpr.org/content/1/1/20/abstract White AA, Gallagher TH. After the apology-coping and recovery after errors. Virtual Mentor. AmMed Assoc. 2011;13(9):593600. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2011.13.9.ccas1-1109.

Upstarts Assault Essay Example For Students

Upstarts Assault Essay Presentation I Joseph Asian avgas the COM of Memorized_ Memorized Vass the market leader in providing broadband services. Utilize, a small mobile-network operator entering into the broadband market by Offering broadband service to business customers who were willing to leave there current provider and enter into a long term contract. The CEO Gerald Signer was having a problem due to that price attack because he was thinking that the word free- could get attention from business customer. Joe and Memorized division heads Adam Duper, Inline Richard and Frank Lopez conducted a meeting to provide lotions for this coming issue. Memorized had to face that challenge either using pricing strategy or having any other aspects The various courses of action discussed between them was as follows:- Ignore the move of Utilize. Offer discounts to customer either by lowering the price or providing added services. Ay offering something more compelling MARKET SHARE Market share of Utilize in landlines is and Memorized is 85%. We will write a custom essay on Upstarts Assault specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Adam was not agreeing to cut the prices sass% market revenue for landlines. In mobile market, share of Tilted and S%of Memorized. Divisional heads cares more about their individual turf rather than working getter PROBLEM Utilize is launching a new tell-communication service i. E. BROADBAND and publishing the ad Free broadband for ever with Utilize! Save at least ?450 a year when you switch from Memorized! Could Utilize become threat to Memorized? If customers decide to migrate to Utilize Memorized will lose their landlines revenue and connection between local exchange and their home or office DECISION TO BE TAKEN Should Joe ignore or respond to Tulips bold move? ISSUES INVOLVED The main issue unwilled here is that, the move taken by Utilize can create a new price war in the broadband market. As is given in the case the customers of Memorized admire the service tooth company, but they are also saying that the service is expensive. So the free offer provided by Tilted can attract a large customer base and it can also force the customer of Memorized to switch the company. So Memorized can lose their market share also, Short Term Problem -For short term the problem can be treated as initiating price war. Long Term Problem: -In case of long term, it can cause a loss of customer base of Memorized as they can switch to Utilize, if no step is taken by Memorized. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION OPEN JOE:- I The first action he can take is ignoring the move Of Utilize as it is a small company and the Memorized is the Market leader in broadband market with share Of 60%. . The next move he can Offer is by providing discounts on the current price so that current customers can not switch to Utilize. 3. He can also offer free broadband services by following the competitors move. 4. He can also provide the value added services by charging the same price, so that the customers can be delighted. RECOMMENDATION: Provide some value added service to gain added revenue and also to ensure that he customer does not switch. Provide them with different kinds of packages. Packages are the price differentiators, package similar to that of the competitor Utilize should he one of the package, packages with different price will differentiate themselves with different value they provide, like speed differentiation, volume based package. Different package caters different customers needs, and also ensures more revenue from them Implement a new incentive scheme for the three division heads, such that Upton% of their incentive now depends on the overall performance of Memorized, with the rest pending on their individual divisions performance. .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d , .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .postImageUrl , .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d , .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:hover , .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:visited , .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:active { border:0!important; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:active , .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e63b9147a34055acd3e2841f7c76b4d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Wounded topicThis will give each division head a direct interest in working cooperatively with their peers for the greater good Of Meridian Value added services Will attract new customers as well as ensures the customers to be loyal, VASS service such as video on demand, games on demand, music on demand. Reduction in cost can be a logical Step. Structure and operation of the company should be restructured-This will ensure the increase in profit margin which can be in turn be useful in giving discounts to customer

The Reason Content Doesnt Get Results With Garrett Moon - CoSchedule

The Reason Content Doesnt Get Results With Garrett Moon Have you spent a ton of time on a piece of content, only for it to get no traction or traffic? Does it end up in the graveyard of the Internet? What about a piece of content that drives traffic, but not to conversions? These are huge problems for content marketers. Today, we’re talking to Garrett Moon, ’s co-founder and CEO. He will share content solutions and information from his new book, 10X Marketing Formula. Some of the highlights of the show include: Content marketing is not living up to the hype that it promised and not generating the results that were expected. Who’s who in content marketing have provided positive testimonials for Garrett’s book. One core reason why marketers are not getting results with their content is that it is not good or unique enough to stand out. Need to Create Competition-Free Content: As a marketer that is creating content, your content is in competition with other content. Find ways to differentiate yourself. What are your top 5 competitors doing for content marketing? If it looks like what you are doing, then do something different. When performed an assessment of its competitors, it noticed a similarity in length of posts, consistent use of imagery, and low usage of resources in posts. Find opportunities that move you away from the competition. Garrett shared a case study of Groove HQ. It had a regular content marketing blog that focused on useful things for professionals. There was moderate success, but it was not great. The company needed to do something different with it. So, it launched a brand new blog called, Groove’s Journey to 100K in Monthly Recurring Revenue. The company shared what worked and didn’t, and the blog experienced overnight success. You need to have an appetite for risk to really stand out, but risk is not the problem. It is failure. Marketing has become about the methods we use. However, if you’re constantly building your marketing on top of methods, you’re just copycating what everyone else is doing. Take a risk and try something new. Stick with the plan, even if it doesn’t work. Content Core: What does your audience want to read about? What interests them enough to click on a link? Clicks don’t necessarily equal value and results. Don’t fall into that trap! Find an overlap between the topics you need to cover for your audience of existing and potential customers and the content you need to produce as a company. It’s about what your audience cares about and what value as a business you provide. What is the customer’s problem that made them hire to solve? How do you turn solving their problem into content? Marketing Projects: Allows customers to manage multi-media marketing campaigns. helps customers solve complex problems by offering free, simple tools. If you help your audience be successful without you, they’ll be dying to be successful with you! The best way to get results with content is to talk to your customers. Powered by PodcastMotor Actionable Content Marketing powered by By AMP078: The Real Reason Your Content Doesn’t Get Results With Garrett Moon From 00:00/00:00 1x 100 > Download file Subscribe on iTunes Leave Review Share Links: 10X Marketing Formula Jay Baer Joe Pulizzi Blue Ocean Strategy Groove HQAMP on iTunes leave a review and send screenshot to podcast@.com If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Garrett: â€Å"Content marketing is just not always living up to the hype that was promised. It’s not always giving them the results that they feel they deserved.† â€Å"As a marketer and a content marketer that is creating content, we have to actually realize is that our content is now in competition with other content.† â€Å"Risk is all about failure, and I think you have to learn to sort of embrace failure and use it as a learning exercise and a way to improve what you are doing.†

Anna Garcia Lab Report

Anna Garcia was found dead in her entry hall way by the police at 9:56 am on the notice from Doug Greene who was worried and called 911 at 9:45 am. The suspects were/are Alex Garcia, Erica Piedmont, Doug Greene, and Lucy Leffingwell. The evidence supports the case of it being none of them. I have received the suspect list, external autopsy report, and other evidence collected. So far the internal autopsy is needed to confirm any hypotheses and now all thoughts of how Anna Garcia died is only a hypothesis. Summary of Findings: Anna Garcia was found dead at 9:56 am by local police. My findings are that none of the suspects committed any crime related to Anna Garcia’s death. In support of this, the finger prints, blood analyses, shoe print, hair, and was unknown substance/Aspirin all show that none belonged to anyone but Anna. I believe that a disease or some other foreign pathogen caused her death, the thing that killed her I belief is Reye’s syndrome. To support this it is caused by aspirin and when recovering from an illness. It also causes vomiting (was on corpse), irritability and aggression (was reported she was in arguments and fighting with many people), and causes edema (on corpse in ankles). Her body also had a injury on her head were she is thought to have fallen and hit her head, I suspect on the over turned table in the crime scene. Conclusion: In all the findings support Reyes syndrome. The findings are her; blood tests, suspect stories, and fair amounts of information that suggest no person was involved all support that the manner of her death was natural, and not foul play for anyone to get ahead.

IB THEATRE COURSEWORK - The practical performance proposal Essay

IB THEATRE COURSEWORK - The practical performance proposal - Essay Example As this interpretation demands a mature audience, my target groups are the youth above 16 and adults. The central theme that I would like to deal with is â€Å" fear of flying and beyond†. I would like to depict jabberwocky as a big green tree branching out into the soil and towards the sky. The tree and the teeming forest around it fascinate the boy. I plan to fill the floor of the stage with heaps of dried leaves by the end of the play, which represents the lost opportunities of imagination. The father and mother of the boy will be seen living their lives full of falsehoods and half-cooked imagination. They are trying to hide the tree and the forest from the boy. But when he finds it, they compel him to believe that it is the dangerous habitat of Jabberwocky. In the end, the boy of course slays the tree but he weeps on its death and tries to paint the fallen leaves, green. Using light effects, all the leaves turn

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing research - Essay Example In effect, the outcome was inappropriate positioning of the baby and the failure to ensure proper latch-on during breastfeeding. Hence, this contributed to discomfort in babies and mothers, which eventually led to inappropriate breastfeeding tendencies in mothers. In addition, it is crucial to point out that research studies pointed out that some mothers stopped breastfeeding their babies even before attaining the mandatory six months age. In effect, this program is essential in ensuring that the mothers breastfed their babies even after they attained the mandatory six months. Based on the foregoing, the outcomes of this program are: Proper latch-on technique for mothers who are breastfeeding their babies Effective positioning of the baby during breastfeeding in order to ensure that the mother and the child did not suffer from any discomfort Breastfeeding for a period not less than six months in order to ensure the breastfeeding tendencies were appropriate Outcome Measures and Target Description of the Target Effective Latch-on Outcome Measure The nurses in the facility did not know the appropriate latch-on technique. On the other hand, the healthcare facility will ensure that mothers developed the appropriate latch-on techniques during the process of breastfeeding. ... Baseline Data During the implementation stage of this program, 2 out of 10 nurses did not know the right approaches to latch-on babies during breastfeeding. Hence, the facility aims to achieve 100% effective latch-on technique among nurses in order to ensure a successful implementation. In the implementation stage, 15% of mothers who attended prenatal care were aware of the efficient latch-on technique. Hence, the program seeks to ensure that there was a 100% awareness of the effective latch-on technique used during breastfeeding. On the other hand, only 40% of antenatal mothers knew of the effective latch-on technique. In effect, the facility seeks to achieve 100% knowledge of the effective technique. Description of the Target Effective Positioning Outcome Measure The appropriate outcome measure in this case is effective position of the mother and the child during breastfeeding. In line with this, it is important to point out that only 50% of the nurses are aware of the effective po sition of the baby during breastfeeding. Hence, all nurses should be aware of the appropriate position in order for them to transfer the same to the mothers. Pregnant mothers should devise the appropriate posture and position during breastfeeding in order to ensure that there was no discomfort on the baby and the mother. Baseline Data Fifty-percent of the nurses should gain the skills and knowledge required for correct positioning of the mother during breastfeeding. More than 70% of the mothers attending prenatal care thought that breastfeeding did not require any correct or appropriate position. Thirty two percent of afterbirth mothers did not use the right position during breastfeeding and

Political and Migration Issues Affecting Puerto Ricans in the United St

Political and Migration Issues Affecting Puerto Ricans in the United States Puerto Ricans have a very distinct and complicated history. Their history is unlike any other immigrants who migrated at the United States at any time. Their island became a focus of the United States in 1898, when they won the island as booty in the Spanish-American war. Puerto Ricans residing in the United States have always had the dilemma of having to straddle both the American and Puerto Rican cultures and Spanish and English languages. In my opinion, Puerto Ricans have never had it easy living in the United States. So when I ask my grandparents, and other older generation Puerto Ricans why they decided to migrate from what I thought was "paradise" to the United States, they all give me the same answer. They wanted a better future for their families. They all felt that once they lived in the United States, opportunity would be knocking at the door. As exemplified in the novel, Memoirs of Bernando Vega: A Contribution to the History of the Puerto Rican Community in New York, Puerto Ricans struggled just as much in the mainland as they did on the island. Because of the relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico, one would think that Puerto Ricans would have had many advantages over other immigrants, especially after passing of the Jones Act of 1917, which granted Puerto Ricans a partial citizenship status. However, that was not the case either. Puerto Ricans still dealt with discrimination, a great deal of setbacks and downfalls, as well as issues of forced assimilation. Their high hopes of becoming successful in the United States usually came to an end after about a month or so of living in the United States when they realized it w... ...sly and were more involved politically. The difference is also due to the times in which these political groups were active, and the level of compliance Puerto Ricans had with the American political system, and improvements to individual organizations. Still there were many improvements made, and the same could not have been accomplished without Vega’s older generation of politicians. Still the efforts continue. It is now up the future generation of young Puerto Ricans to help unite their people, and their community advance. The politics of the Puerto Rican people has evolved from class politics, to ethnic politics, to what is now identity politics. In the beginning they struggled to be heard and represented in their small communities, and now we must continue to fight to have a voice and representation, not just in our community, but in the government as well.

English composition Task

Since my teenage I wanted to become a computer engineer and work for multinational organization which not only pays well but also will have the opportunity to travel abroad. I am from a middle class Indian family where bearing the costs of studying from an English medium school is hard and yet my parents helped me study in English medium school. I studied English medium during all my schooling which helped me develop my literacy skills. I started learning computers since my 10th grade..This was the time of mid 1995 when the computer classes were first introduced in my school in India and I was one f the member of the first batches that was offered the basics of computer and little bit of programming. This was the beginning and I was getting interested to learn more about computers. We also had to take up a exam at the end of the course to prove our competency in the subject though it was not part of the 10th grade board exam. I scored 83 out of 100 which gave me confidence that I can succeed in this field of study.From there on during my 1 lth and 12th grade I took computer science as my specialization and also completed Bachelor's Degree in computer science. After y graduation it was time to look for my dream Job but consulting with friends, family and seniors in college I realized that the degree that I earned is not Just enough to get my dream Job and due to my interest in Hardware and Networking I immediately Joined specialization course in computer hardware and networking which is a rigorous training for one year in a private institute to equip myself with the right skills and be competent to face the Job interviews.While pursuing the course, I got a Job from a small local computer hardware firm which I only worked for couple of days and quit as I was not able to continue the course. Immediately after completing specialization in computer hardware and networking I started looking for my dream job. I initially started attending Job interviews of non multina tional organizations to understand the interview process and also to know my weaknesses so that I could improve myself.The interview process usually includes four rounds, first round is the written test which comprises of aptitude test, English grammar, computer hardware and computer networking, second round is a group discussion or communication round where a topic will be given and we will need to effectively discuss about the opic with proper tone and confidence, third round is a technical round where I will have to face an interview with computer hardware expert and final round will be with human resources personnel who will talk about the Joining process and company policies and procedures if selected for the Job.After attending a few interviews for different organizations and not able to succeed through the interviews, I worked on my weakness and was able to finally obtain a Job in a multinational intormation technology organization Hewlett Packard in India as a Technical Supp ort Engineer with the help of my literacy skills and technical competency. It was August 11 2003, 9 pm when all the interview process was completed and confirmed that I got through the interview and secured a Job. That was the proudest and happiest moment in my life which was so sweet.My family also was so proud of me about my achievement. As I started working for Hewlett Packard I never looked back. I had to go through training process for another couple of months on Hewlett Packard products and also soft skills on how to talk to customers on phone. My Job included communicating with the United States customers of Hewlett Packard and help them fix any issues with the Hewlett Packard products. With the skills I obtained academically and professionally I was able to succeed in the Job which helped not only me to grow but also my family.After 2 years to further improve my literacy skills I pursued Master's Degree in computer applications from a distance education university in India w hile I was working. This further enhanced my competency and helped me secure a much better position at work. Thus my literacy skills helped me get my dream Job in a multinational organization which not only helped me grow personally and professionally but also my family grow economically. This is a dream come true.

Norways financial system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2745 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of Norwegian financial system, including the regulatory environment in which it operates and in particular, the relationship between the financial and corporate sectors of the economy. In order to do this, the first part analyses Norwegian banking system while the second part looks at the financial markets. BANKING SYSTEM Efficiency According to Author (2004), the stable outlook for the Norwegian banking system is based on the banks strong domestic franchises, sound financial fundamentals and overall low risk profile. The system can also be described by intense competition and a decline in interest rates. Although the Norwegian banks asset quality indicators deteriorated in 2002-2003, ratios have improved since. The Norwegian strong economic expansion since the summer of 2003 has resulted in Norwegian banking sector’s best performance since 2000 (Kredittilsynet 2006). The favor able macro-economic developments have translated into improved bank earnings in 2003 and 2004, driven especially by a reduction in loan losses to very low levels (IMF 2005). The banking system is highly automated and computerised (US Commercial Service 2007). Bank results have been solid in 2006 (Norges Bank 2006). Although banks’ total pre-tax profits as a share of average total assets declined compared to 2005, return on equity in the largest Norwegian banks is solid compared with their Nordic financial conglomerates. Bank Categories According to the US Commercial Service (2007), the Norwegian banking system is comprised of commercial banks, savings banks and a small number of state-owned banks that provide financing for particular purposes. Other principal financial institutions are mortgage companies, finance companies and insurance companies. Foreign banks have been allowed to establish subsidiaries in Norway since 1985, and since the implementation of the EEA Agre ement in January 1994, foreign banks may also establish branches in Norway. Commercial banks enjoy a very close relationship with trade and industry. Savings banks have a long tradition in Norway and cover a substantial part of the local credit requirements. Merchant banks have not achieved the same position in Norway that they enjoy in some countries partly because of the market dominance by the very large commercial banks. There are special banks for fisheries, agriculture, shipping, industry, house building, and export finance. The state participates in all of these. Foreign exchange controls were abolished in 1990. No licensing requirements are in force. The only requirement is a reporting requirement for international payments and financial transactions. The transaction bank generally takes care of this reporting. Savings banks, and foreign subsidiaries and branches, are often organised as parts of wider groups that also include mortgage companies, finance companies, secu rities funds and life and nonlife insurance companies (IMF 2005). Furthermore, though less so than in some neighboring countries, Norway’s banking system is relatively concentrated, and in particular the largest domestic financial conglomerate, DNB-NOR continues to hold a very substantial market share. Its importance is further increased through its role as the settlement bank for many smaller banks in the system. Number of Banks in Norway The Norwegian banking system is comprised of 15 commercial banks, 129 savings banks and a small number of state-owned banks that provide financing for particular purposes (US Commercial Service 2007). According to IMF (2005), as of June 2004 there were 149 banks with 884 branches in Norway and abroad, and 2 foreign banks with 8 branches in Norway. The largest bank is DnB NOR Bank, followed by Nordea Bank Norge, Fokus Bank and Handelsbanken (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006a). Deposits and Lending Total amount of net loans to customers in 2005 was 2,346 billion NOK (USD383 billion), with DnB NOR providing 692 billion (USD 113 billion) on its won (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006b). Total number of deposits from customers in 2005 was 1,192 billion NOK (USD 195 billion), with DnB NOR leading the way with 418 billion (USD 68 billion) (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006b). Hybrid Capital Instrument Several banks have raised capital in recent years by issuing hybrid capital instruments (Kredittilsynet 2006). Hybrid capital instruments share clear similarities with both debt and equity capital instruments. They enjoy better priority than share capital but poorer priority than subordinated loan capital. The number of banks having issued hybrid capital instruments rose from 29 in 2004 to 47 in 2005. Central Bank The Bank of Norway (Central Bank) is organised as a share-issuing company, but the government owns all the shares. It is the executive and advisory entity for monetary, credit and exchange policy. The bank is responsible for authorising interbank systems in Norway(US Commercial Service 2007). The Main Sources of Finance for Industry Banks are, by far, the main source of finance for industries. According to Statistics Norway (2006), banks provide 557 billion NOK (USD 91 billion), out of total 783 billion (USD 128 billion). â€Å"Other credit institutions† provided for 170 billion(USD 28 billion) , while state lending institutions provide 53 billion (USD 9billion). Ownership In June 2004, no bank was owned by the government (IMF 2005). The government had the last ownership of a bank in year 2000. However, there were three state lending institutions in 2005 (Statistics Norway 2006). Corporate Lending and Mortgages Market Norwegian banks reported substantial growth in lending in 2005, close to 17 per cent (Kredittilsynet 2006). Lending growth has been on the rise since the third quarter of 2003. Growth in lending to wage earners has been high for several years, and rose by almost 15 per cent in the past year (adjusted for portfolio transfers). Increased fixed investment has brought quickening growth in loans (almost 17 per cent in 2005) to Norwegian corporate customers. Growth in lending to foreign corporate customers rose by 64 per cent in the same period, mainly through the largest Norwegian banks’ foreign branches. Foreign branches in Norway posted far higher growth than Norwegian banks, at 34 per cent in December 2005. Lending in 2005 to industries was 557billion NOK (USD 91 billion). The larges market was â€Å"real estate and business activities† with 284 million (USD 46 billion), â€Å"real estate† with 221 billion (USD 36 billion) and â€Å"wholesale and retail trade, operation of hotels and restaurants† with 59 (USD 10 billion) (Statistics Norway 2006). All kinds of financing are available to foreign investors (US Commercial Service 2007). Overdraf ts and mortgages are available from banks, which will also assist in the issuance of such financial instruments as discount bonds, convertible bonds, etc. Financial lease arrangements are supplied by leasing companies. Venture capital and merchant banking are not highly developed, but do exist. Eksportfinans ASA finances exports of Norwegian capital goods and services on both market and government supported terms. The financing programs are designed to promote the sale of Norwegian capital goods and services, and financing is also available to foreign buyers. Where exports are involved, the Government of Norway is able to offer subsidized fixed-rate loans to most countries. Government-supported loans are regulated under the OECD consensus agreement. Norway offers no significant financing programs for either domestic or foreign investors. One exception is investments in northern Norway. Competition for home loan customers is intense ((Kredittilsynet 2006). Norwegian banksâ€⠄¢ margin on lending to households is below the level for Swedish and Danish banks. This is partly because loans for housing purposes in Sweden and Denmark are provided by mortgage companies as fixed-interest loans. In Norway loans for housing purposes account for more than 60 per cent of total loans from banks and more than 90 per cent of them carry a floating interest rate. There is also a strong growth in lending to the commercial property sector (Norges Bank 2006). Supervision According to the US Commercial Service (2007), the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway (Kredittilsynet) supervises all banks and other financial institutions in Norway. The Commercial Banking Act, the Savings Bank Act and the Act on Financing and Finance Institutions regulate banking activities. Norway has revised the regulations relating to financial institutions as a result of the EEA Agreement. With respect to financial services, the EEA Agreement provides for full adaptation to EU regulatio ns. The Central Bank of Norway is responsible for authorising interbank systems in Norway. FINANCIAL MARKETS Deregulation of financial markets, liberalisation of capital markets, along with technological and demographic changes, have altered financial institutions’ operating environment (Kredittilsynet 2006). Five sizeable financial groups: DnB NOR, Nordea Bank Norway, Fokus Bank, Handelsbanken and Sparebanken Rogaland, account for a substantial share of the Norwegian financial market. The three largest life insurance companies: Vital, KLP and Storebrand, hold a combined market share of 87 per cent. The four major players in the Norwegian non-life insurance market: Gjensidige Forsikring, If, Vesta and Sparebank skadeforsikring, hold a combined market share of 75 per cent measured by gross premium revenues. Foreign ownership shares in the Norwegian market are especially large among finance companies (Kredittilsynet 2006). Branches and subsidiaries accounted for a tota l market share of 65 per cent measured by total assets. There are 33 foreign-owned finance companies operating in the Norwegian market, half of them foreign branches. In the non-life insurance field, the foreign share is 42 per cent. If and Vesta Forsikring are the largest foreign-owned companies. Foreign actors have shown keen interest in the banking market in recent years. Foreign-owned subsidiaries’ market share is primarily accounted for by Nordea Bank Norway and Fokus Bank. In addition, several of the foreign branches, of which Handelsbanken is the largest, reported very high lending growth in the Norwegian market in 2005. Oslo Bà ¸rs Stock Exchange According to Oslo Bors (2007), there are four main product areas: shares and primary capital certificates, bonds and other fixed income instruments, derivatives and warrants. The market capitalisation of Norwegian companies listed on Oslo Bà ¸rs came to about one-third of Norway’s GDP at the end of 2005 (Kredit tilsynet 2006). Shares listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSEBX) rose by fully 40.5 per cent in 2005, while turnover of listed shares increased by 67 per cent and amounted to a total of NOK 1500 billion (USD 245 billion). The rate of turnover has been increasing for many years, and in 2005 that of the Oslo Stock Exchange is es ­timated to be close to 130 per cent. Large government ownership interest is more prominent in the case of Norway than other countries. Government increased its ownership from 23 to 34 per cent from 2000 to 2005. Large number of new companies have been listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006c). At the end of 2005, 31 more companies were listed than at the beginning of the year, despite the fact that 15 companies had been delisted. There were a total of 245 companies listed on September 2006. EQUITIES According to Oslo Bors (2007), market value in 2006 was 1915 billion NOK (USD 313 billion), which was 512 b illion (USD 84 billion) increase from 2005. Norwegian companies accounted for 1748 billion (USD 285) and foreign companies for 167 billion (USD 27). Foreign companies experienced a significant increase by 50% in respect to 2005. Leader in market share in 2006 was DnB NOR with 468 billion NOK (USD 76 billion). BONDS According to Oslo Bors (2007), there were 744 issues in 2006, down by 87 since 2005 and the lowest in the last 10 years. Banks and insurance group accounted for 267 and industries for 178. Number of issuers was also down from 201 in 2005 to 186 in 2006, lowest in the last 10 years. Industry accounted for 70 and the local government for 43. Number of transaction declined from 32589 in 2005 to 28799 in 2006. Government accounted for the largest number with 15508, followed by 4457 from banks and insurance companies. Market value has increased from 538 billion NOK (USD 88 billion) in 2005 to 548 billion (USD 89) in 2006, with government accounting for 193 billion NOK (U SD 32 billion) and bank and insurance 129 billion NOK (USD 21 billion). There was a significant increase for foreign companies from 4 billion NOK (USD 653 million) in 2005 to 9.4 billion (USD 1.5 billion) in 2006. Turnover increased from 646 billion NOK (USD 105 billion) in 2005 to 690 billion (USD 113 billion) in 2006. DERIVATIVES Turnover has increased from 5351 billion NOK (USD 874 billion) in 2004 and 3823 billion NOK (USD 624 billion) in 2005 to 6200 billion NOK (USD 1012 billion) in 2005 (Oslo Bors 2007). Overall there were 43 per cent more transactions in the derivatives market in 2005 than the previous year (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006c). Securities Market Although financial institutions will retain their dominant role in many countries as savings and financing intermediaries, the importance of securities markets is likely to increase ahead. Trading on the securities market showed especially strong growth in 2005 Norwegian Financial Services Ass ociation (2006c). Money Market Although small, money and forex markets appear to be relatively well functioning and adequately liquid in normal times (IMF 2005). There have been no instances of significant disturbances in recent years. Foreign exchange settlement risks have significantly been reduced since 2003 through Norway joining the Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS) system. About 10-11 market players quote firm FX prices, although it is not a formalized primary dealer system. The short-term interbank money market is less active, with price quotations generally indicative rather than firm, and a few large players dominating the market. But there have been no signs of monopolistic behavior and market participants have been able to distribute liquidity amongst themselves with limited recourse to NB’s facilities. Trading in both FX-related and interest rate derivatives is active, and surveys indicate the markets are liquid. Life Insurance and Pensions Market Pos itive trends both in Norwegian and in international equity markets have led to increased returns for the life insurance companies (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006c). Premium incomes increased further during 2005. The new Act relating to mandatory occupational pensions opens new markets for the sale of pensions (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006c). The life companies have increased their proportion of in ­vestments in shares during 2005. Increased returns on the shares portfolio are the reason for the companies’ improved value-adjusted return on capital. For 2005 value-adjusted return on capital was on average 8.1 per cent, against 7.0 per cent in 2004. At the same time the life companies had on average capital adequacy of 12 per cent in 2005 and all companies satisfied the capital adequacy requirement of 8 per cent. New Regulations Developments in the EU have resulted in substantial chan ­ges in the Norwegian legislation relating to securit ies (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006c). A Committee on Markets in Financial Instruments was appointed, which has proposed a new Securities Trading Act that might be in place on 31 October 2007. New sup ­plementary rules are also being developed for the conduct of business in the market and in relation to customers. Ex ­tensive reporting systems with availability throughout the EEA must also be in place by the aforementioned dead ­lines. In 2005, new rules relating to insider trading and mar ­ket manipulation were adopted, and the Commit ­tee proposed new rules for public tenders. New rules have also been propo ­sed for improving the efficiency of government sanctions associated with contraventions relating to securities. The new legislation, together with the very extensive and detailed rules for good business practice and conduct, implies a change of regime for the Norwegian securities market. The new rules are far more detailed than previ ­ously, and th e authorities will have more effective sanc ­tions for penalising contraventions. New Financial Instruments In parallel with this, new financial instruments are ente ­ring the Norwegian securities market and investment fund legislation, as Norwegian suppliers will be able in due co ­urse to supply instruments that have previously only been sold by foreign suppliers (Norwegian Financial Services Association 2006c). This applies in particular to specialised funds, primarily hedge funds and private equity, where legal amendments are being prepared pursuant to a draft that was circulated for comment in 2005. Separate rules and regulations for banks’ use of credit derivatives to reduce individual risks and requi ­rements relating to capital adequacy for credit risk have been circulated for comment. CONCLUSION The paper has analysed the characteristics of Norwegian financial system, focusing on Norwegian banking system and financial markets. Largely centralised banking environment has been solid in 2006 , with largely increasing deposits and lending. Banks are the main source of finance for industries, accounting for over 70%, and are entirely privately-owned. Small number of financial institutions accounts for a large portion of the financial market. Oslo Bors is the major stock exchange, with an increasing equity and derivatives market and fluctuating bonds market. Securities market is likely to increase further, with small money marketing functioning well. Life insurance and pensions markets are also increasing. New regulations and the new financial instrument are soon to further strengthen Norwegian financial system. BIBLIOGRAPHY Author (2004). â€Å"Norway: Stable Rating Outlook for Banking System†. www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go1493/is_200408/ai_n6286942 IMF (2005). â€Å"Norway: Financial System Stability Assessment, Including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Following Topics: Bankin g Supervision, Insurance Regulation, and Payment Systems†. IMF Country Report No. 05/200 Kredittilsynet (2006). â€Å"The Financial Market in Norway 2005: Risk Outlook†. Norges Bank (2006). â€Å"Financial Stability 2/2006†. www.norges-bank.no/front/rapport/en/fs/2006-02/ Norwegian Financial Services Association (2006a). â€Å"Ten Biggest Banks in Norway†. www.fnh.no/fullstory.aspx?m=1689 Norwegian Financial Services Association (2006b). â€Å"Market Share – lending to and deposits from customers†. www.fnh.no/fullstory.aspx?m=1689 Norwegian Financial Services Association (2006c). â€Å"Financial Year 2006†. Oslo Born (2007) www.oslobors.no. US Commercial Service (2007). â€Å"Norway: Trade and Project Financing†. https://www.buyusa.gov/norway/en/financing.html Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Norways financial system" essay for you Create order